This paper presents a general model to assess the impact of data and process quality upon the outputs of multi-user information-decision systems. The data flow/data processing quality control model is ...

Systems approach: input (sensors like thermostats), process (microcontrollers), output (actuators like heaters). Feedback ensures accuracy and stability.

Therefore, we propose a versatile interregional input-output model that considers interregional trade and income distribution. For the purpose of this study, we developed models for estimating ...