The top 5 languages learned: Java, followed by C, Python, C++, and JavaScript. JetBrains also asked which massive open online course platforms are the most popular.

For the first time in the history of TIOBE's index, Java has slipped out of the top two, leaving Python to occupy the spot behind reigning champion, C.

Programming language Python's popularity: Ahead of Java for first time but still trailing C Python is now the second most popular language in the nearly 20-year-old Tiobe index.